Figure 43.1 Groin flap and superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap. Open full size image Introduction The groin flap, nourished by the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA), is historically important because it was the first successful free flap. With its…
Figure 42.1 Iliac flap. Open full size image Introduction The iliac crest provides a good source of bone and is universally accepted as a donor site for non-vascularized grafts. Its role as a vascularized graft for head and neck reconstruction…
Figure 41.1 Latissimus dorsi flap. Open full size image Introduction The latissimus dorsi flap was introduced by Tansini in 1906 for the coverage of extensive mastectomy defects. Subsequently forgotten, it was re-described by Olivari in 1976 for the coverage of…
Introduction The skin and subcutaneous tissue of the back may be harvested as a flap supplied by the cutaneous or superficial branch of the circumflex scapular artery, originally named by Manchot. This branch is termed the “superficial circumflex scapular artery.”…
Figure 39.1 Trapezius flap. Open full size image Introduction The trapezius muscle, with its unique triangular shape and great length, extends from the occiput down to the 12th thoracic vertebra and consists of descending, transverse, and ascending parts; its complexity…
Introduction In 1904, Wiilstein, in Germany, reported the first case of a jejunal flap. He used the jejunum as a pedicled flap to reconstruct the thoracic esophagus. In 1907, Roux, in France, described a successful staged reconstruction of the esophagus…
Introduction The rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) flap and its variations are some of the most important flaps used in reconstructive surgery. Its popularity is explained by the location of its skin island in the inferior abdomen, which results in a…
Introduction The omentum flap was one of the first free flaps reported in the literature but long before that, its use as pedicled flap for intra- and extra-abdominal reconstructions was well described. The popularity of the omentum flap has been…
Introduction The deltopectoral (DP) fasciocutaneous flap, also known as the Bakamjian flap, is an important reconstructive tool that has been used for a wide variety of reconstructive problems in head and neck surgery. A variation of this flap that is…
Introduction The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction was first described in 1968. Its application in the head and neck region, however, was not reported until Ariyan's publication in 1979. The reliability and versatility of this flap were subsequently confirmed…