Synopsis ■ Skeletal growth is possible because of the presence of an active physis. ■ The physis is a temporary anatomical structure physiologically regulated by several factors. It can be hindered by congenital conditions (chondrodysplasias), direct damage, or interruption of…
Synopsis ■ The term arthrogryposis encompasses all congenital joint contractures. This includes arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in which multiple joints are contracted, amyoplasia which includes a characteristic pattern of upper extremity contractures, and distal arthrogryposis which is a set of 10…
Synopsis ■ The OMT (Oberg, Manske, Tomkin) classification divides congenital tumorous conditions of the upper extremity into four broad categories based on the tissue involved: vascular, neurological, connective tissue, and skeletal. ■ While the great majority of congenital lesions are…
Synopsis ■ In the Oberg, Manske, Tonkin (OMT) classification, “Deformation” refers to disruption of a limb that has already been formed. This category previously included constriction band sequence and congenital trigger digits, although the latter has been removed in the…
Synopsis ■ Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital differences in the upper extremity. It can be classified as incomplete (soft tissue only, not extending to the tip), complete (soft tissue only, extending to the tip), complex (with distal…
Synopsis ■ Patients are treated from infancy to skeletal maturity and have unique needs which may change over time. ■ Comprehensive examination and appropriate workup and referrals for associated medical conditions is imperative. ■ To provide the best family-centered care,…
Synopsis ■ Poland syndrome includes a wide range of anomalies that are relevant to the plastic surgeon. From a surgical point of view, priority is given here to discussing the management of the absent pectoralis major muscle, as the associated…
Synopsis ■ Consistency of terminology is necessary for optimal communication. ■ Limb outgrowth and patterning are controlled by specific signaling centers within the developing limb bud via the activation and interaction of molecular messengers. ■ Anomalies of limb development result…
Synopsis ■ Neuropathic pain is a common feature following traumatic injury. The pain experienced can have a profound effect on the individual; restricting their ability to carry out everyday activities and to participate in their societal roles. ■ This chapter…
Access video and video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Hand stiffness may result from either flexion contractures (inability to extend) or extension contractures (inability to flex) of the small joints of the hand. These limitations…