Synopsis ■ Congenital craniofacial clefts are abnormal disfigurements of the face and cranium occurring in a variety of patterns and varying degrees of severity. ■ Craniofacial clefts are thought to occur spontaneously, except for syndromes with clefting combinations (numbers 6,…
Synopsis ■ Hypertelorism is not a disease in itself; it is just a symptom which may belong to various conditions. ■ It is mainly present in facial clefts but may accompany faciocraniosynostosis, where craniosynostosis has to be corrected independently before…
Synopsis ■ Traumas that would likely produce fractures in adults often do not in children due to intrinsic anatomical factors. ■ In addition to the unique anatomy of the pediatric patient, future growth and development must be accounted for when…
Synopsis ■ The goal of orthognathic surgery is to establish ideal dental occlusion with the jaws in a position that optimizes facial form and function ■ The Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy, and osseous genioplasty are…
Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Identifying and treating secondary cleft lip and palate deformities is a challenging endeavor for even the most experienced surgeon. Proper diagnosis involves an understanding of previous operations as well…
Synopsis ■ Individuals with known or suspected velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) are best treated in the context of an interdisciplinary cleft/craniofacial team. ■ Diagnosis of VPD requires obtaining a comprehensive patient history, perceptual speech evaluation, physical examination, and appropriate instrumental and…
Synopsis ■ Patients with orofacial clefts (OFC) are best treated through a team approach. ■ Close collaboration between the orthodontist and surgeon is critical during the care of patients with OFC. ■ A developmental approach needs to be undertaken by…
Synopsis ■ There is still much debate regarding the optimal treatment for alveolar reconstruction in cleft care. ■ Current treatment protocols differ regarding timing of repair, graft material, and surgical technique. ■ Secondary alveolar autogenous bone grafting remains the standard…
Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Cleft palate closure has evolved over the past several decades. Successful palatoplasty involves repair of the clefted mucosal layers and re-positioning and approximation of aberrant musculature of the palate.…
Introduction Cleft palate repair poses challenges to the reconstructive surgeon that must be overcome to achieve a durable and functional closure. The paucity of available palatal tissue and the inability to recruit additional local tissue frequently demand the surgeon make…