Inflammatory eye diseases comprise some of the most devastating complications of childhood rheumatic diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Chronic (initially asymptomatic) uveitis accompanying JIA is one of the most common causes of uveitis in childhood. It is predominantly anterior,…
The association of arthritis with psoriasis was described almost 200 years ago, but it was not reported in children until the 1950s. Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PsJIA) is a heterogeneous entity, recognized in patients with frank psoriasis but also where…
Definition and Classification Under the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), , enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is defined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria shown in Table 20.1 . Children with ERA have…
Definition Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as a chronic inflammatory arthritis of unknown origin with onset prior to the age of 16 years that persists for at least 6 weeks ( Box 19.1 ). It is further characterized…
Definitions Chronic childhood arthritis affecting five joints or more during the first 6 months of disease is defined as polyarthritis . , The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification system for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) further categorizes polyarthritis…
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is one of the most perplexing diseases of childhood. Its onset can be quite nonspecific and may suggest bacterial or viral infection, malignancy, or another inflammatory disease. The evolution of the disease eventually confirms the…
Historical Aspects Pediatric rheumatology, the study and treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, and other tissues, originated in the first half of the 20th century, principally as a study of chronic inflammatory arthritis, the…
Acknowledgements Gay Kuchta, OT, is acknowledged for her contributions in the previous editions that provided a sound basis for this revised chapter. Machteld Huber, MD, PhD, is acknowledged for sharing her expertise on the My Positive Health model. Over the…
Biologics or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are different from nonbiologic or synthetic DMARDs in that they are produced by biological processes rather than chemical syntheses. Biological DMARDs target specific, well-defined molecules expressed on cells or secreted into the extracellular…
The principal drugs used in pediatric rheumatology are drugs that suppress the inflammatory and immune responses. This chapter outlines important general principles relating to the nonbiological therapies, particularly as they apply to children. The treatment of specific rheumatic disorders is…