The untoward consequences of sexual activity, including unintended pregnancy (see Chapter 144 ) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs; Chapter 146 ), are experienced by adolescents at unacceptably high rates. Adolescents often do not seek reproductive healthcare until 6-12 mo after initiating…
See also Chapter 565 . Menstrual disturbances, including delayed onset, irregularity, heavy flow, and pain, occur in 75% of females during adolescence. Menstrual problems vary in presentation. For adolescents with minor variations from normal ( Table 142.1 ), an explanation…
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Although varying in percentages by nation and culture, a substantial proportion of adolescents will engage in the use of a wide range of substances, including alcohol, tobacco, natural and synthetic marijuana, opiates, and stimulants. Their reactions to and the consequences…
Violence is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a leading worldwide public health problem. WHO defines violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or…
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Healthcare providers play an important role in nurturing healthy behaviors among adolescents, because the leading causes of death and disability among adolescents are preventable. Adolescence provides a unique opportunity to prevent or modify health conditions arising from behaviors that develop…
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Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs significantly from the sex they were assigned at birth (see Chapter 133 ). They may experience gender dysphoria , defined as clinically significant distress or impairment in social, school/occupational, or other important…
Understanding a child's or adolescent's sexual and emotional development is an essential part of any comprehensive pediatric evaluation. For youth who are or might be gay, lesbian, or bisexual ( GLB ), such understanding is particularly important. GLB youth as…