Introduction In the past half-century, cytologic screening, particularly in high-resource settings, has dramatically decreased the burden of squamous cervical cancers, virtually all of which are caused by tissue-specific, persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The elucidation of the infectious etiology…
Normal Structure Anatomy The cervix is the lower part of the uterus. A fibromuscular junction, usually referred to as the internal cervical os, marks the junction between the muscular corpus and the predominantly fibrous cervix. The cervix projects into the…
The vagina acts as a barrier to many potentially invasive microorganisms. Accordingly, it is the site of a variety of infections, both sexually and nonsexually transmitted, and this, in fact, represents the predominant type of pathology of this organ. In…
Tumor-Like Conditions Fibroepithelial–StromAl Polyp (Pseudosarcoma Botryoides) Definition A benign polypoid growth that arises from the distinctive subepithelial stroma of the distal female genital tract. Clinical Features Fibroepithelial–stromal polyps, which are hormonally sensitive, most commonly occur in the vulvovaginal region of…
Cysts Follicular (‘Epidermoid’) Cyst Definition Follicular cyst is a cystic dilatation of the hair follicle epithelium. Clinical Features Follicular cyst presents as a solitary, creamy-white or yellowish lesion on the labium majus ( Figure 5.1 ). It is generally asymptomatic,…
Benign Squamous Neoplasms Condyloma Acuminatum Definition Condyloma acuminatum is a benign exophytic lesion caused by infection with low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, principally types 6 and 11. Clinical Features Condylomata are asymptomatic, usually multiple and often multifocal, presenting as papillary…
Introduction The most common diseases affecting the vulva are dermatologic, but the clinicians caring for patients with these complaints are usually gynecologists or family practitioners who may lack sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic skills in skin diseases. Conversely, dermatologists may have…
Chapter Outline Disorders of Genital Differentiation (Disorders Generally Associated with a Normal Chromosome Constitution and Normal Gonad) 18 Female Pseudohermaphroditism (Female Intersex) 18 Male Pseudohermaphroditism (Male Intersex) 22 Disorders of Sex Determination (Disorders Associated with Abnormal Sex Chromosomes and Abnormal…
Introduction Understanding normal development of the embryonic genital tract gives insight into many disorders encountered in the female. These can range from relatively simple arrests of development or malformation (described by organ) to more complex abnormalities of sexual development that…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here