General Features Germ cell tumors arise from primordial germ cells and account for approximately 30% of all ovarian tumors. Over 95% of them are benign dermoid cysts (mature cystic teratomas) and the remaining 5% are malignant. Malignant germ cell tumors…
General Features Sex cord–stromal tumors account for approximately 8% of all ovarian tumors and are the most common functioning tumors associated with endocrine manifestations. These tumors contain granulosa cells, theca cells (and their luteinized derivatives), Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and…
Endometrioid Tumors Endometrioid tumors of the ovary resemble those encountered more frequently in the endometrium. They include endometrioid carcinomas, endometrioid stromal sarcomas, adenosarcomas, and malignant mesodermal mixed tumors (carcinosarcomas). Endometrioid carcinomas are the most common. Although an origin from endometriosis…
General Features Mucinous tumors show cysts and glands lined by epithelial cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin. The tumor cells may resemble those of the endocervix, gastric pylorus, or intestine. They are typically diastase resistant PAS positive, and mucicarmine positive. Mucinous tumors…
Epithelial/Stromal Tumors The tumors in this category account for approximately two-thirds of all ovarian tumors and for about 90% of all ovarian cancers in the Western world. Epithelial ovarian tumors are heterogeneous neoplasms that are primarily classified according to cell…
Dysfunctional Cysts Definitions Dysfunctional ovarian cysts derive from the follicular apparatus either before or after ovulation ( Table 24.1 ). They may result from or cause disordered hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian function. Although not always functional in the sense of producing steroid hormones,…
Anatomy, Histology, and Function Anatomy The ovaries are paired pelvic organs located close to the uterus, weighing 5–8 g and measure about 3.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 cm in women of reproductive age. They normally shrink in size after menopause. The external…
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Introduction As the fallopian tube is the intermediary between the ovary and the uterus, it is the seat of various interactions that culminate in a normally implanted pregnancy. Its multiple functions include conditioning of both gametes before fertilization, guiding their…
Endometrial Stromal Tumors Introduction Even though endometrial stromal tumors represent the second most common category of mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, they are rare and account for less than 1% of all uterine tumors. Endometrial stromal and related tumors are…