Introduction Molecular feedback mechanisms lend robustness and the ability of living cells to respond and adapt to their environment. As a means to ward off cancer, for example, the expression of proto-oncogenes in response to growth factors is normally followed…
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Jenny L. Heidbrink, Victoria Bushman, Erin Brand, Jim Norton, Jun Kim, Brian Feild, Roxanne Armstrong, Henrik Olsen, Will Fitzhugh, Jim Duff, Ping Zhang and Katherine Paweletz, for their technical assistance. We also wish to…
Introduction Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been recognized as one of the most life-threatening diseases because of the lack of diagnostic methods in the early stage as well as its rapid progression . Among the well-known key barriers for the effective…
Acknowledgment This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under grants K25CA137222, R21CA149772, R21CA161575, and R01CA107209, and Canary Foundation. Introduction Despite advances in our understanding of pancreatic cancer development in the past decade, the disease remains…
Introduction This year in the United States, an estimated 45,220 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 38,460 will die from the disease . Although pancreatic cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, it…
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Acknowledgments TTW and EMC were supported by NSF grants CCF-0926194 and 0926181. HG was supported by the new faculty start-up grant from the Saint Louis University. Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, arising…
Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB) and grants BIO2012-40205, SAF2011-29530 (MINECO, Spain) and COST Action #BM1204: EU_Pancreas (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Introduction The technology revolution by the Human Genome Project from…
Introduction Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States . This high mortality is partly due to the absence of specific symptoms and signs, and the…
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) comprises the fourth most common cause of cancer lethality in Western countries with a less than 5% reported five-year survival . General increases in the life expectancy of citizens in industrialized countries primarily lead to…