Video 10.1 Introduction to [CR] , The Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Introduction Thyroid nodules are common and may be found in up to two-thirds of the population. By definition, thyroid nodules are discrete lesions contained within, yet radiologically…
Introduction Thyroid disease is broadly divided into hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, structural abnormalities of the thyroid, and neoplasia of the thyroid gland (see Chapter 6 , Surgery of Cervical and Substernal Goiter). Thyroid cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy in most countries,…
Introduction Primary hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland synthesizes and secretes inappropriately high levels of thyroid hormone(s), causing signs and symptoms of hypermetabolism and excess sympathetic nervous system activity. The term hyperthyroidism is distinct from thyrotoxicosis, a…
It is not uncommon that resection of thyroid or parathyroid pathology requires entry into and exploration of the mediastinum. Although resection can often be achieved through a transcervical approach, surgeons treating thyroid and parathyroid diseases must be familiar with thoracic…
Video 6.1 Surgery for Cervical and Substernal Goiter. The word goiter is derived from “guttur,” the Latin term for throat. Surgery for goiter is as complex as it is rewarding. With goiter, the normally complex neck base anatomy is distorted…
Embryology The median anlage of the thyroid originates from the endodermal segment in the floor of the primitive pharynx at the foramen cecum located in the midline at the junction of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (first branchial arch…
Introduction Thyroiditis consists of a varied assortment of disorders and is fairly commonly encountered in clinical practice. The term thyroiditis implies an inflammatory response, and although inflammation of the thyroid may be present in some forms of thyroiditis, in reality…
Thyroid physiology Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation The basic functional unit of the thyroid gland is the thyroid follicle. The thyroid follicle contains a single layer of thyroid follicular cells that form a sphere with a follicular lumen, which is…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Anand K. Mishra for contributions to the previous edition of this chapter. The modern thyroid or endocrine surgeon should have a complete understanding of the embryonic development of the thyroid…
The history of thyroid surgery closely parallels the evolution of modern surgical techniques and the synthesis of our understanding of anatomy, physiology, endocrinology, and pathology. The evolution of thyroid surgical techniques has been convoluted. Even when thyroid and parathyroid disorders…