Key Points Repair of craniomaxillofacial fractures requires accurate diagnosis and a plan for repair, which requires physical examination and computed tomography (CT) scanning. Associated injuries must be recognized and addressed. The mandible is often evaluated using panoramic tomography, but CT…
Key Points Examination and repair of facial soft tissue trauma must be systematic and thorough. Treatment of traumatic injuries is often a process of restoring facial appearance and function rather than a single procedure. A high index of suspicion and…
Key Points The ideal scar is narrow, flat with surrounding skin, parallel to the relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs), or camouflaged within natural anatomic lines. Available scar revision techniques include excision, irregularization (including Z-plasty, W-plasty, and geometric broken line closure…
Key Points Cutaneous conditions of the head and neck are both common and diverse. Identification of these conditions is often required of an otolaryngologist; although many cutaneous lesions can be identified based upon clinical appearance, biopsy is necessary for definitive…
Key Points A detailed understanding of aesthetic facial analysis is imperative to any cosmetic or reconstructive surgeon. The names of both soft tissue and bony anatomic landmarks must be clear and are the basic language in which surgeons communicate. Both…
Key Points Snoring affects at least 40% of men and 20% of women and often accompanies sleep-disordered breathing. However, only 6% of women and 13% of men older than 50 years of age have symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA…
Key Points Patients should be routinely and regularly screened for the presence of pain so that appropriate management strategies can be implemented. Optimizing control of postoperative pain can reduce postoperative morbidity and cost. Multimodal analgesia in association with protocols for…
Key Points The population is aging as people are living longer. The geriatric population comprises a significant proportion of otolaryngologic practice. Presentation of diseases in older adults may be different than in the younger population, and the spectrum of disease…
Key Points Multiple studies have observed some forms of association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease, based upon periodontal pathogens and certain serologic proteins found in the gingival sulcus that cause systemic inflammation. Yet no demonstrable, sustained causal relationship…
Key Points The spectrum of laryngeal and tracheal symptoms of systemic disorders can vary from mild to severe and may include hoarseness, cough, stridor, and airway compromise. Many systemic disorders that affect the larynx may mimic laryngeal carcinoma. A systemic…