Introduction The development and maturation of the elbow is complex in children. Many cartilaginous structures are incompletely ossified until late in skeletal development and are weaker in tensile strength in comparison to the surrounding ligamentous and muscular attachments. Thus, isolated…
Introduction Fractures of the proximal ulna are thought to be relatively uncommon in children, accounting for approximately 5% of elbow fractures. The true incidence may be higher because many are missed. Monteggia fractures may be undiagnosed 50% of the time,…
Introduction Pediatric fractures of the proximal radius account for 1% of all fractures in children and 4% to 10% of pediatric elbow injuries. These injuries are more likely to occur at the radial neck because of the biomechanically weaker physis…
Anatomy and Growth The elbow joint consists of the articulating surfaces of three epiphyses: the distal humerus, the proximal ulna, and the proximal radius. At birth, each epiphysis is one mass of cartilage, each with its own growth plate (the…
Introduction Complications associated with supracondylar humerus fractures can be divided into broad categories. The etiology of a complication may be due to the injury itself or the management of the injury. The complication may be associated with the soft tissues,…
Introduction Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common elbow fracture in children and have the highest complication rate for elbow fractures in this age group. These compelling facts continue to arouse the interest and hold the attention of orthopedists who…
Introduction This chapter will discuss congenital anomalies of the elbow. Any congenital abnormality must be assessed and treated with consideration for the remainder of the upper extremity, as well as the generalized condition of the patient and associated medical diagnoses.…
Introduction Upper extremity injuries account for the majority of pediatric fractures, with injuries to the elbow occurring with a frequency second only to radius fractures. The majority of pediatric elbow fractures occur within the distal humerus, with supracondylar humerus fractures…
Introduction As with many joint advances in technology and skills, collaborations have fueled major advancements in elbow arthroscopy indications and techniques. These advances have been noted in multiple case reports and by anecdotal evidence. However, the evidence via randomized control…
Introduction Arthroscopy of the elbow has a higher incidence of complications than any of the other joints. The proximity of the neurovascular structures and the superficial nature of the posterior lateral aspect of the joint capsule increase the usual risks…