This chapter discusses the surgical treatment of nontraumatic abnormalities involving the bone, muscles, tendons, tendon sheaths, fascia, and bursae of the knee. The cause of these disorders may be degenerative, developmental, related to repetitive use, or a combination of these…
Indications and Results With the success of total knee arthroplasty, knee arthrodesis seldom is performed as a primary operation and usually is reserved for those few patients who are not candidates for total knee replacement. Occasionally, arthrodesis may be more…
Modern Prosthesis Evolution and Design Although many total knee designs predate the total condylar prosthesis designed by Insall and others, its introduction in 1973 marked the beginning of the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) era ( Fig. 7.1 ). This prosthesis…
It has long been known that significant hip deformity resulting from childhood conditions such as developmental dysplasia of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease can lead to secondary hip osteoarthritis in adult life. Over the past two decades, more subtle deformity…
Arthrodesis of the hip is an infrequently performed procedure with few indications. Advances in total hip arthroplasty, which have greatly improved functional scores and patient satisfaction, have made hip fusion a much less desirable option for most patients. Good intermediate…
Currently, younger patients make up the fastest growing group of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients; however, American Academy of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) surveys have demonstrated that younger patients report decreased satisfaction and less frequent return to high-level activities…
Total hip arthroplasty is the most commonly performed adult reconstructive hip procedure. This chapter discusses cemented and noncemented arthroplasties, bearing choices, and current trends in surgical approaches and less invasive techniques. In addition, revision hip arthroplasty, which comprises an enlarging…
Although routine radiography currently remains the primary imaging modality in orthopaedics, more advanced imaging techniques are now an integral part of the modern orthopaedic practice. Modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US) are valuable…
Surgical Techniques There are several surgical techniques especially important in orthopaedics: use of tourniquets, use of radiographs and image intensifiers in the operating room, positioning of the patient, local preparation of the patient, and draping of the appropriate part or…
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