Introduction Ophthalmic plastic surgery shares many basic techniques with general plastic surgery. During the past 100 years, new techniques have been developed which take maximum advantage of the specialised anatomy of the eyelids and periorbital region. The patient lies supine…
Introduction The eyelids protect the eyes. Disease which alters eyelid structure or function threatens sight and an understanding of eyelid anatomy and physiology is fundamental to good reconstructive surgery. The eyelids should not be studied in isolation but in the…
1.1 Several tests are widely used because of tradition and not evidence Evidence-based optometry means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best currently available evidence from the research literature. For the majority of primary eye care procedures described, the evidence…
History of Present Illness A 54-year-old woman with history of asthma and appendiceal adenocarcinoma status post-appendectomy presented to the emergency department with 3 weeks of shortness of breath, sinus congestion, cough productive of green sputum, lower extremity edema, and general…
History of Present Illness A 33-year-old farmer from a local village in India presents for the first time to the local eye clinic complaining of blurry vision in his left eye (OS). Review of systems was positive for fever 1…
History of Presenting Illness A 9-year-old healthy Indian boy presents with a complaint of blurred vision in his right eye (OD) for a week. He denied pain or floaters. Exam OD OS Visual acuity 20/200 20/20 Intraocular pressure (IOP) 15…
History of Present Illness A 58-year-old man complains of progressive decrease in vision in both eyes (OU) over the last month. His past medical history is notable for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. He dismissed his symptoms initially, but after his vision…
History of Present Illness (HPI) A 69-year-old woman with a history of cutaneous melanoma complains of a change in her vision for the last month or so. She has difficulty describing her symptoms, but she reports that things are just…
History of Present Illness (HPI) A 61-year-old woman with a remote history of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) both eyes (OU) is referred to you for evaluation of posterior uveitis. She noticed a “grayish smudge” in the center, OU, starting…
History of Present Illness (HPI) A 36-year-old woman with no past ocular history and no significant past medical history complains of increasingly blurry vision in the right eye (OD). It started 2 weeks ago with some mild blurriness that has…