Introduction Description: Bleeding between otherwise normal menstrual cycles. Constitutes a special form of dysfunctional (abnormal) uterine bleeding. Prevalence: 10%–15% of all gynecologic visits involve menstrual disturbances. Predominant Age: Reproductive age; highest in adolescents and patients who are climacteric. Genetics: No…
Introduction Description: Hematometra is a collection of blood in the body (cavity) of the uterus, resulting from the obstruction of the normal outflow tract. This obstruction may result from congenital abnormalities, acquired cervical stenosis, iatrogenesis (dilation and curettage, endometrial ablation),…
Introduction Description: Endometritis is an acute or chronic inflammation, usually of infectious origin, of the lining of the uterus. This is a general term that is used for this condition in either nonpregnant or not recently pregnant patients; chorioamnionitis or…
Introduction Description: Endometrial polyps are fleshy tumors that arise as local overgrowths of the endometrial glands and stroma and project beyond the surface of the endometrium. They are most common in the fundus of the uterus but may occur anywhere…
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Introduction Description: Endometrial cancer is characterized by malignant changes of the endometrial tissues. These are generally of the adenocarcinoma (endometrioid, also called type 1 tumors, 80%), adenosquamous, clear cell, or papillary serous cell types. Prevalence: 2%–3% lifetime risk. The most…
Introduction Description: Dysfunctional (abnormal) uterine bleeding is irregular or is intermenstrual bleeding with no clinically identifiable underlying cause. The bleeding may be abnormal in schedule, duration, or quantity. Prevalence: 10%–35% of all gynecologic visits involve menstrual disturbances. Predominant Age: Reproductive…
Introduction Description: Asherman syndrome is characterized by the scarring or occlusion of the uterine cavity after curettage, especially when performed after septic abortion or in the immediate postpartum period. Although the same changes occur following therapeutic endometrial ablation, the term…
Introduction Description: Adenomyosis is characterized by islands of endometrial glands and stroma found in the uterine wall (myometrium) and causing hypertrophy of the surrounding myometrium. Prevalence: 10%–35% of women; may be present in 60% of aged women 40–50 years. Predominant…
Introduction Description: Nabothian cysts are retention cysts of the cervix that are made up of endocervical columnar cells and that result from the closure of a gland opening, tunnel, or cleft by the process of squamous metaplasia. Prevalence: Normal feature…