The authors wish to thank Vincent Y. Wang and Dean Chou for their work on the previous edition’s version of this chapter. Indications Indications for C1-2 transarticular screw fixation, also known as Magerl’s method, are atlantoaxial instability, tumor formation, ligamentous…
The authors wish to thank Carmina F. Angeles for her work on the previous edition’s version of this chapter. Procedure notes Instability of C1-2 may be due to trauma, infection, tumors, or rheumatoid arthritis. In deciding the appropriate management of…
Indications Hydrocephalus, communicating or obstructive, that is not amenable to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (with or without choroid plexus coagulation) or treatment of primary etiology (i.e., removal of obstructing fourth ventricular neoplasm). Failure of previously placed shunt system. Contraindications Fevers or…
Indications Patients with late-onset (adolescent or adult) nontumoral obstructive hydrocephalus have the highest rate of success after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (close to 90%). The high success rate in this group is likely related to the presence of intact pathways for…
Indications Fenestration of arachnoid cysts is indicated in cysts that show significant increase in size or associated clinical symptoms. The size of an arachnoid cyst typically remains stable or increases over time, and associated symptoms are unlikely to resolve spontaneously.…
Indications The main indications for surgical intervention for craniosynostosis are the prevention of potential neurologic impairment and correction of deformity. Increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, visual abnormalities, and learning disabilities all can be associated with craniosynostosis. Generally, the more…
Indications The presence of an encephalocele is an indication for surgical repair. Encephaloceles are typically diagnosed at birth, although many are now identified in utero by ultrasound. Indications for the immediate repair of an encephalocele include open exposure to any…
Indications Symptomatic cysts. Symptoms may range from visual obscurations and loss of consciousness to positional headache, sensory disturbance, and short-term memory decline. Symptoms of hydrocephalus, such as urinary incontinence, dementia, and ataxia, may also be present. Secondary hydrocephalus or unilateral…
Indications Indications for the transsphenoidal approach have significantly increased with the addition of the endoscope. Using a team approach with a skilled endoscopic rhinologist has rendered the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach a valid minimal-access method for exposing various midline skull base…
Additional videos for this topic are available online at . Indications In general, we prefer to use autologous calvarial bone grafts as the primary material for cranioplasty and skull reconstruction. Autogenous graft material typically has a low incidence of…