Introduction Implantable neurostimulators are the tools used by clinicians to execute the various and diverse neuromodulation therapies. Just as it is important for the engineers developing these stimulators to understand the diseases, disorders, and injuries the devices will treat, so…
Introduction The neural interface can be unidirectional or bidirectional. It is the bridge between the biotic and abiotic systems where information from an engineered system is transferred to the neural system and/or information from the neural system is transferred to…
Introduction The pelvic visceral organs perform essential excretory functions that are mediated by complex neural circuitry in the brain and spinal cord. Accordingly, injuries or diseases at various sites in the nervous system can produce prominent changes in micturition and…
Anatomy of the Vagus Nerve The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve, which is a mixed nerve consisting of approximately 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibers ( ). A schematic overview of the anatomic pathways is provided in Fig.…
Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge Penelope S. Duffy, PhD, for her substantial scientific writing and editing contributions, without which this chapter would not have been possible. Introduction The modern history of the therapeutic application of high-frequency electrical stimulation to…
Authorship Statement All authors made a substantial contribution to the study’s concept and design and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Statement Drs. Kramer, Kent, and Cusack are employees of St Jude Medical. Introduction Electrical neuromodulation…
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Acknowledgments This concepts and work presented in this chapter have been supported by the NIH through 3 R01 (1R01-EB006136, 2R01-EB006136, and 9R01-NS095291) grants and performed in close collaboration with the following partnering research institutions: Ohio State University (Dr. Ali Rezai,…
Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS085188, R01 MH102238). Conflict of Interest Statement C.C.M. authored intellectual property related to the content of this chapter, is a paid consultant for Boston Scientific Neuromodulation,…