Seizures are abnormal, paroxysmal synchronous discharges of cortical neurons resulting in abrupt neurologic manifestations that depend on the area of the brain involved. Seizures are classified as generalized ( Fig. 4.1 ) when they involve the entire brain, producing an…
A thorough history and examination should enable you to localize the disease process and generate a differential diagnosis. Confirmation of the diagnosis will usually require neurodiagnostic testing. When any of the tests described here is performed, it is essential to…
Clinical examination is of primary importance in the practice of neurology, even with the availability of advanced neuroimaging techniques. This is because the neurologic examination provides critical information that no other test can provide, such as whether the patient’s nervous…
It is in the early morning hours. You get a call from a resident in the emergency room (ER). A 48-year-old teacher has headache, neck pain, and urinary incontinence, and, as of this morning, is no longer able to hold…
1 Brain metastasis a. General approach i. Chapter 14 , Case 1: Approach to large, symptomatic brain metastasis—surgery ii. Chapter 14 , Case 2: Approach to innumerable multifocal brain metastasis—whole brain radiation iii. Chapter 14 , Case 3: Approach to…
1 Chapter 1 : Fundamentals of neuropathology: introduction to neuropathology and molecular diagnostics a. Classification of glioblastoma i. Microvascular proliferation and pseudopalisading necrosis are pathologic hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM) and, when present, establish the diagnosis of GBM. ii. IDH1/2 gene…
Introduction Immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. These agents enhance the immune system’s ability to seek out and attack tumor cells. One such treatment, CAR T-cells or chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, are a type of adoptive cell transfer therapy where…
Brief introduction to immunotherapy Immune-based therapies have emerged as a promising modality in cancer treatment. These therapies use the body’s immune system to fight cancer by harnessing the antitumor properties of the host immune system to eliminate the cancer. Several…
Introduction Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy and presents as a distal, symmetric polyneuropathy ( Table 28.1 ). Rates of CIPN depend on the agent being used but tend to occur…
Introduction With significant advances in cancer treatment, both the number of long-term cancer survivors and the complications to which these patients are vulnerable have grown. These complications can involve the peripheral and/or central nervous systems, significantly impairing quality of life…