The Human Genome Project and the technological and information advances that it enabled mark the shift in clinical genetics from an observational and descriptive field to one of precise molecular diagnosis with a growing repertoire of meaningful therapeutic interventions. In…
Part 1: Nutrition for the High-Risk Infant David H. Adamkin, Paula G. Radmacher Key Points 1. Begin intravenous amino acids in the first hours of life. 2. Consider using lipid emulsions early with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) (especially docosahexaenoic…
There are tiny, puny infants with great vitality. Their movements are untiring and their crying lusty, for their organs are quite capable of performing their allotted functions. These infants will live, for although their weight is inferior … their sojourn…
The transition from fetal to neonatal life is a dramatic and complex process involving extensive physiologic changes that are most obvious at the time of birth. Individuals who care for newly born infants during these first few minutes of neonatal…
Everything ought to be done to ensure that an infant be born at term, well developed, and in a healthy condition. But in spite of every care, infants are born prematurely. Pierre Budin, The Nursling Identification of the Pregnancy at…
Health care is viewed as a system, a network of interdependent components working together to accomplish a specific aim, which is to meet the needs of patients, families, and communities while constantly improving its performance. The quality of health care…
Key points Early detection followed by rapid initiation of antimicrobial treatment and measures to prevent and treat organ dysfunction are key to optimizing the outcome of sepsis. Due to the non-specific presentation, the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of sepsis, and…
Key points Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) presenting in the newborn period include immune deficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, diseases of immune dysregulation, congenital defects in phagocyte function, defects in intrinsic and innate immunity, and autoinflammatory disorders. There are…
Key points Drug-associated acute kidney injury is common in neonates and has important implications for therapeutic decisions and patient clinical outcomes. This chapter reviews the mechanisms of nephrotoxin-induced acute kidney injury and the various medications that are widely used in…
Key points Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important comorbidity associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia that increases risk of right ventricular failure and death in premature infants. First-line treatment is aimed at correction of the respiratory status by optimizing lung volumes, oxygenation,…