Perinatal asphyxia is a challenging condition because it represents a modifiable etiology for neonatal encephalopathy with the use of hypothermia. This contrasts with other etiologies of neonatal encephalopathy that are not amenable to treatment, such as cerebral malformations, strokes, congenital…
Introduction Neonatal resuscitation is commonly defined as the assistance given to infants immediately after birth as they transition to newborn life. From a physiologic perspective, this transition involves some of the most complex and profound changes that any human will…
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Introduction Prominent identified causes of brain injury in the low-resource setting (LRS) include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)/neonatal encephalopathy (NE), germinal matrix–intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) in the premature infant, prolonged neonatal seizures, neonatal hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia (kernicterus). The magnitude of the contributions of…
Drugs can exert major effects on the developing central nervous system (CNS). In the broadest sense, drugs may disturb specific developmental events in the brain and, in turn, produce teratogenic effects. In addition, maternal ingestion of certain drugs can result…
In this chapter, space-occupying lesions including brain tumors, vein of Galen malformations, and arachnoid cysts are discussed. These disorders are considered in the same chapter because they represent important intracranial mass lesions and share certain clinical features. We do not…
INTRODUCTION This chapter is focused on injuries of extracranial, cranial, intracranial, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system structures. In particular, the emphasis is on those disorders that appear to be related primarily to mechanical trauma. Adverse mechanical events occur principally…
Bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in the newborn are common and are of major clinical importance. By far the most frequent of these infections is neonatal bacterial meningitis, and this chapter deals with this disorder in detail.…
The central nervous system (CNS) and its covering membranes may become involved in a variety of infectious processes, with devastating effects on structure and function. Infections may occur during intrauterine development, in association with the birth process, or in the…
Muscle, the final component of the motor system, is the site of abnormalities with those essential clinical manifestations of hypotonia and weakness that unify the other disorders of the motor system (see Chapter 36 ). In this chapter, we deal…