General information Bacitracin has mostly dermatological uses. It can cause allergic reactions of the delayed type. A shock-like picture after local application has occurred in a hypersensitive individual [ ]. Since bacitracin is nephrotoxic, it should not be given intraperitoneally…
See also Vaccines General information Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a suspension of living tubercle bacilli of the Calmette–Guérin strain. It is used mainly prophylactically against tuberculosis, but also as a means of stimulating the immune response in malignant disease.…
See also Macrolide antibiotics General information The overall adverse reactions rate for azithromycin is 0.7% [ ]. Only diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain occurred in over 1% of patients. Other adverse effects that were reported from clinical trials in adults…
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See also Antihistamines General information Azelastine is a second-generation antihistamine, a phthalazinone compound with antiallergic and bronchodilator properties [ ]. It is available as a nasal spray and in oral form for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma as…
See also Tioguanine General information Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine are thiopurines. Azathioprine is a prodrug of mercaptopurine and thioguanine is an active metabolite. Thioguanine is covered in a separate monograph. Azathioprine, 6-(1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-5-yl)-thiopurine, is converted non-enzymatically to mercaptopurine ( Figure 1…
See also Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) General information Azapropazone is structurally related to phenylbutazone and probably shares the same adverse effects: gastrotoxicity, skin reactions, headache, vertigo, edema, and renal impairment. A review of a very large series described azapropazone adverse…
General information Azacitidine has been approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. It inhibits DNA methyltransferase, resulting in hypomethylation of DNA and direct cytotoxicity in abnormal hemopoietic cells in the bone marrow. The recommended dosage is 75 mg/m 2 /day…
General information Avoparcin is a glycopeptide antibiotic (see also teicoplanin and vancomycin), a large molecule that is produced by a variety of environmental micro-organisms, which may therefore contain genes that code for antimicrobial drug resistance. It is mostly active against…
See also Anticholinergic drugs General information Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that is mainly used today in premedication and occasionally to treat bradycardia in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Organs and systems Cardiovascular In a classic study, more than…