See also Anticholinergic drugs General information Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that is mainly used today in premedication and occasionally to treat bradycardia in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Organs and systems Cardiovascular In a classic study, more than…
See also Neuromuscular blocking agents General information Atracurium is a muscle relaxant with approximately one-fifth the potency of pancuronium (initial doses of 0.3–0.6 mg/kg and maintenance doses of 0.2 mg/kg being commonly used), an onset of action of 1.2–4 minutes…
General information Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthaquinone that is effective in the prevention and treatment of murine Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonitis. It also has effects against Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum . Food increases its absorption. The maximum serum concentration is dose-dependent,…
See also HMG coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors General information Atorvastatin is an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor. Pooled data from 21 completed and 23 continuing trials representing 3000 patient-years have shown that constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, headache, and myalgia occur in…
General information Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is efficacious in the treatment of ADHD [ ]. Sudden deaths of children and adolescents taking Adderall XR® have led to the need to screen children for risks of heart…
See also Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Although atenolol, a hydrophilic cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with no partial agonist activity, is generally regarded as one of the safest beta-blockers, severe adverse effects are occasionally reported. These include profound hypotension after a single…
General information Atazanavir is an inhibitor of HIV protease. It is used once daily in a dose of 400 mg or in combination with ritonavir as atazanavir + ritonavir 300 + 100 mg/day [ ]. Organs and systems Metabolism In…
See also Herbal medicines General information There are about 600 genera in the family of Asteraceae (formerly Compositae), including various types of asters (daisies), arnica, chamomile, goldeneye, marigold, snakeroot, tansy, thistle, and wormwood. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the Asteraceae (Compositae)…
See also Antihistamines General information Astemizole is a second-generation antihistamine that has been withdrawn from the market because of the association with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Organs and systems You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…
General information Asparaginase is an enzyme that acts by breaking down the amino acid L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. It interferes with the growth of malignant cells that cannot synthesize L-asparagine. Its action is reportedly specific for the G1…