Hepatitis A is generally an acute, self-limited infection of the liver by an enterically transmitted picornavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV). Infection may be asymptomatic or result in acute hepatitis. Rarely, fulminant hepatitis can ensue. Although the duration and severity of…
Historical Background The initial two serotypes of the genus Parechovirus were isolated in 1956 from children with diarrhea. On the basis of the scheme used at that time for the classification of the enteroviruses, they were classified as echovirus (E)…
This chapter covers human disease caused by the group A coxsackieviruses (CVs), group B CVs, echoviruses (Es), and the numbered enteroviruses (EVs), which are distributed among four species, EV-A to EV-D, of the genus Enterovirus. Viral diseases caused by the…
Revised February 13, 2021 Polioviruses are the cause of poliomyelitis, a systemic viral infection that predominantly affects the central nervous system (CNS), causing paralysis. The name of the disease ( polios, “gray”; myelos, “marrow” or “spinal cord”), now commonly shortened…
Members of the genera Enterovirus and Parechovirus are picornaviruses. Picornaviridae is a large family of morphologically identical, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that share similar genomic and structural organizations. Originally the human enteroviruses were divided into five species on the basis…
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Clinical Presentation History A 28-year-old West African man presents to a clinic in Ghana complaining of a painful ulcer on his left ankle. The ulcer has been present for the past 4 months and is not healing ( Fig. 62.1…
Clinical Presentation History A 46-year-old Thai woman is transferred to a German clinic for tropical diseases with a 2-month history of recurrent cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses, progressive lymphadenopathy and weight loss. Despite various antibiotic therapies, clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers…
Clinical Presentation History A 6-year-old Malawian boy from the lakeshore of Lake Malawi presents with a painless, proptosed left eye that his family first noticed 3 weeks ago. It has worsened rapidly though his vision is still normal. He denies…
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