Millions of people in the United States are on antithrombotic therapy—either antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulants—for treatment and prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolism. During a given year, as many as 10% of these patients will need an invasive procedure. How…
By observing and studying the effects of surgery and trauma on hemostasis—including physiologic as well as hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable situations—our understanding of the interrelationship between hemostasis and surgery has been advanced. The following six topics will be addressed in this…
Introduction Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This increased risk is mediated by physiologic changes that occur during and immediately following pregnancy and that may have enhanced survival during evolution by decreasing hemorrhage at parturition.…
Introduction Successful management of bleeding in pregnancy requires an understanding of the various scenarios in pregnancy in which bleeding can arise. In this chapter the discussion is focused on pregnancy-related bleeding, including bleeding due to obstetric, surgical, and systemic causes.…
Hormones are administered in various forms for contraception, postmenopausal symptom management, treatment of hormone-responsive cancers, breast cancer risk reduction, and therapy in transgender individuals. This chapter will focus on the association of estrogen and/or progestin therapy with thromboembolic disease. The…
Vena Cava Filters Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease entity that includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Administrative data indicate that 467,000 patients in this…
Overview and Technical Considerations The clinical procedures collectively referred to as apheresis involve the separation of a solute or cellular component of the blood for removal or for treatment and reinfusion. Apheresis was first introduced as a novel therapeutic modality…
Synopsis Patients with disordered hemostasis present one of the greatest challenges to blood banks and transfusion practitioners. Early intervention with appropriate directed therapy can provide adequate hemostasis in a variety of bleeding conditions; however, the rapidly hemorrhaging patient can deplete…
Introduction Antithrombotic agents have been in clinical use for more than half a century and are among the most commonly prescribed classes of medications. Established uses include the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), atrial fibrillation (AF), and acute…
Historical Overview In 1958 a vascular surgeon, Rodger Weismann, and his resident, Richard Tobin, reported on 10 patients from whom they had extracted unusual platelet-fibrin thrombi that formed during a 1- to 2-week course of treatment with heparin. These physicians…