Ingestion of Caustic Agents Epidemiology According to the most recent Annual Report from the American Association of Poison Control Centers there were 2,159,032 human exposures in the year 2016. Of these exposures, 46% of them occurred in children 5 years…
Acknowledgment We would like to acknowledge Michael J. Nowicki and Phyllis R. Bishop, authors of the previous edition’s chapter. Overview Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The word ascites originates from the Greek words askites…
The term jaundice originated from the French jaune, which means “yellow.” Jaundice, or icterus (from the Greek ikteros ), refers to the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and other tissues caused by deposition of the bile pigment bilirubin. Jaundice…
Eating disorders are life-threatening biopsychosocial illnesses that affect children, adolescents, and adults across the life span. Pediatricians, parents, and others who take care of children are recognizing disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in children as young as 2 years, and…
The Surgeon General, the Institutes of Medicine, and the World Health Organization have classified childhood obesity as an epidemic in need of immediate and wide-reaching attention. The prevalence of childhood obesity has nearly tripled over the past 20 years; 18.5%…
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Constipation and fecal incontinence represent common problems in children. Beyond the neonatal period, only a minority of children have an organic cause for their constipation and the etiology remains not well understood. Constipation rarely leads to life-threatening complications but can…
Gastrointestinal Gas Increased gassiness is a complaint frequently encountered by physicians. Although 10% to 30% of the general adult population report symptoms related to excessive gastrointestinal gas, its prevalence in children remains unknown. , The investigation of gas-related complaints is…
Definition and Epidemiology Diarrhea is a symptom, not a disease, resulting from a variety of pathologic or nonpathologic conditions. It can be separated into acute (≤4 weeks) and chronic (>4 weeks) diarrhea, with different etiologies suspected based on patient’s age…