Abbreviations APC adenomatous polyposis coli protein Bves blood vessel epicardial substance CAR coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor CD Crohn’s disease CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Crb3 crumbs protein homolog 3 EGFP enhanced green fluorescent protein ENAC epithelial sodium channel ERK…
Acknowledgments The author thanks Dale Bjorling, DVM, MS, Professor and Chair, Department of Veterinary Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin for his review and helpful comments about the original manuscript published in the 5th edition of this textbook and Dannielle Dirienzo…
Acknowledgment This study was supported in part by USPHS NIH Grants RO1 DK68055 (AEB) from the National Institutes of Health. 23.1 Introduction The human colon absorbs water and electrolytes and stores contents until elimination is socially convenient. It also scavenges…
22.1 Introduction Motility is the process of moving luminal contents through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, motility encompasses many complex processes and is influenced by many internal and external factors. While there is intrinsic or enteric nervous system, motility is…
21.1 Overview The stomach is perhaps the most paradoxical organ of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accomplishing extensive and often rapid expansion to accommodate ingested food at low pressure in the proximal stomach while simultaneously generating propagating contractions in the distal…
20.1 Introduction The prevalence of gallbladder disease makes the goal of understanding gallbladder function a clinically significant one. Gallstone disease in the United States afflicts some 6.3 million men and 14.2 million women aged 20–74 years. In other words, ~…
Transport of water and salt across the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is essential for the survival of all mammals. In the proximal GI tract, secretion of water and electrolytes into the lumen provides an appropriate environment for the actions of digestive…
Acknowledgments Thanks to Cathy Liu and Christine Canilao for assistance with manuscript preparation. Grant support: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health R01 R01AT007137 (KT and BDN); NIDDKP50 DK064539 (EAM); NIDDK P30 DK041301. 18.1 Introduction While a variety of peripheral…
Abbreviations 4-HNE 4-hydroxynonenal 5-HT-R 5-HT receptor ASIC1 acid sensing ion channel 1 ASIC2 acid sensing ion channel 2 ASIC3 acid sensing ion channel 3 CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide CNS central nervous system CRD colorectal balloon distension CVH chronic visceral hypersensitivity…
16.1 Introduction Visceral information reaches the brain through a diverse array of neural, humoral, and immune pathways, conveying an abundance of ascending visceral information that helps to maintain homeostasis within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. While the vast majority of these…