Introduction Children may present to their pediatrician, dermatologist, urologist, or gynecologist with anogenital skin disease. This portion of the chapter highlights some of the most commonly encountered conditions affecting infants, prepubertal children, and adolescents. Recognition of these cutaneous disorders not…
Introduction A comprehensive skin examination should always include close inspection of the mucous membranes, particularly the mouth. Clinical findings in the oral mucosa may provide clues to the diagnosis of an underlying systemic disease ( Fig. 9.1 ), and some…
Introduction Diseases of the hair and nails are an important part of pediatric dermatology. Both hair and nails are composed of keratin, produced by the hair follicle and nail matrix. Some diseases are specific to these structures, while others affect…
The connective tissue (collagen vascular, rheumatic) disorders represent a group of diseases characterized by inflammatory changes of the connective tissue of skin, muscle, joints, and viscera. Among these, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), morphea, eosinophilic…
The term vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels, a finding that can be seen in association with a variety of clinical manifestations and as either a primary or secondary phenomenon. Along with vessel inflammation there is deposition of fibrinoid…
The hypersensitivity syndromes are a group of disorders mediated by immunologic or hypersensitivity reactions to foreign proteins such as food or drugs or to infectious agents, immunizations, and malignancies. Although diagnosis of these disorders is often relatively easy, difficulties commonly…
Sunlight emits a wide spectrum of radiation energy, extending from radio waves through infrared, visible, and ultraviolet (UV) light to X-rays. , The wavelength range of visible light is 400 to 800 nm and is relatively harmless, except for individuals…
Parasites are a fascinating and important cause of skin disease in children. They produce their effects in various ways: mechanical trauma from bites or stings, injection of pharmacologically active substances that induce local or systemic effects, allergic reactions in a…
Fungi are a group of simple plants that lack flowers, leaves, and chlorophyll and get their nourishment from dead or living organic matter, thus depending on plants, animals, and humans for their existence. Fungal infections that affect humans may be…
Several viral and bacterial illnesses may be accompanied by localized or generalized skin eruptions called exanthems . These eruptions may be the first manifestation of a disorder and often are the reason for parents and patients to pursue medical evaluation.…