The prevalence of ischemic heart disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease in the United States increases significantly with age ( Fig. 5.1 ). By some estimates, 30% of patients who undergo surgery annually in the United States have ischemic heart disease.…
Critical illness has been documented since the beginning of recorded history, an inherent component of the human experience. However, critical care is a recent development made possible by the technical and scientific advances of the 20th century. If the whole…
The perioperative management of patients with restrictive lung disease presents unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. Although these patients are at increased risk of perioperative respiratory complications with all surgeries, their incidence is higher in patients undergoing cardiac, thoracic, vascular, and…
Obstructive respiratory diseases are an important factor contributing to increased risk of perioperative pulmonary complications. There is increasing awareness of how these complications contribute to overall morbidity, mortality, and increased hospital length of stay. Perioperative pulmonary complications can also play…
Sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) is the second most common category as classified by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), after insomnia, and the most common disorder encountered in sleep medicine labs. SRBD can refer to an exclusively sleep-related disorder…
This chapter provides an overview of general adult intensive care, the key components of which are resuscitation and stabilisation; physiological optimisation to prevent deterioration and organ failure; support of failing organ systems; and management and communication with patients and family…
Improvements in surgical and perioperative technique, immunosuppression regimens and organ preservation over the last century have meant that organ transplantation is now considered the primary treatment for organ failure. Solid organ transplants (kidney, liver, heart, lung and pancreas) make up…
General anaesthesia outside the operating theatre suite is often challenging for the anaesthetist. Although the principles of remote site anaesthesia are common to many situations, each specialised environment poses its own unique problems. In hospital the anaesthetist must provide a…
Background The variation in resources available to healthcare systems in regional populations of the world is widely acknowledged. The terms developed and developing world mislead, suggesting binary options and inevitable progress to a complete state. The reality is a skewed…
Patients scheduled for elective surgery are usually in optimal physical and mental condition, with a definitive surgical diagnosis; any coexisting medical disease is defined and well controlled. These patients have often discussed plans for surgery and anaesthesia (including postoperative care)…