Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of toe pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the interphalangeal joint of the toes. Develop an understanding of the causes of arthritis of the toe. Learn the clinical presentation of osteoarthritis…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of ankle pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the ankle joint. Develop an understanding of the anatomy of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle. Understand the function of the Achilles tendon.…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of ankle pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the ankle joint. Develop an understanding of the musculotendinous units that surround the ankle joint. Develop an understanding of the anatomy of the…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of foot pain. Learn the common causes of foot numbness. Develop an understanding of the unique relationship of the posterior tibial nerve to the flexor retinaculum and bones of the foot. Develop an understanding…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of ankle and foot pain. Learn the common causes of foot numbness. Develop an understanding of the unique relationship of the deep peroneal nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery and the ligaments and bones…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of ankle pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the ankle joint. Develop an understanding of the ligaments of the ankle. Develop an understanding of the causes of medial ankle pain. Develop…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of foot pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the midtarsal joint. Develop an understanding of the causes of midtarsal joint arthritis. Learn the clinical presentation of osteoarthritis of the midtarsal joint.…
Learning Objectives Learn the common causes of ankle pain. Develop an understanding of the unique anatomy of the ankle joint. Develop an understanding of the causes of ankle joint arthritis. Learn the clinical presentation of osteoarthritis of the ankle joint.…
1 What are the different kinds of neuraxial anesthesia? Epidural anesthesia refers to injection of anesthetics or analgesics into the epidural space at either the lumbar or thoracic level. Caudal anesthesia refers to injection into the sacral hiatus (see Question…
1 What are the indications for regional anesthesia in head and neck operations? The abundant nerve supply and reliably identifiable bony landmarks of the head and neck allow for the effective use of regional anesthesia techniques for head and neck…