Introduction This chapter begins with a description of the evolution of the term “translational research.” Then, the authors describe the current state of translational research, reasons for the results of basic research not leading to good results in clinical research,…
Introduction It was in the year 1992 that evidence-based practice (EBP) was formally introduced into clinical practice. The first EBP was started in medicine as evidence-based medicine (EBM) and later spread to other fields such as nursing, psychology, education, and…
Introduction Organ donation has matured into a viable therapeutic option within the past 60 years. While initial attempts at transplantation were quickly compromised by rejection, growing understanding of immunological mechanisms facilitated successful transplantation and attenuation of the host versus graft…
Part A: Brain Death Introduction Death has been traditionally defined as “irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions.” With rapid improvements in medical technology, it is possible to artificially support breathing and circulation by means of techniques like mechanical ventilation…
Postcraniotomy Pain Introduction The term headache relates to the discomfort in the region of the cranial vault. It is one of the most common painful states that afflict the mankind. Pain following craniotomy is not uncommon and mainly manifests as…
Crystalloid Fluids Crystalloid fluids are sterile water solutions that contain ionized electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, or small molecules, such as glucose and mannitol. The term “crystalloid” refers to the ability of the fluid to form crystals if left…
Introduction Fluid management in the perioperative period of a neurosurgical patient presents to the neuroanesthesiologist unique challenges. The aim of therapy is maintenance of normovolemia and as a result cerebral and spinal cord perfusion pressures; however, these patients may be…
Neurological diseases affect the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular system. Preexisting CNS diseases have important implications regarding the selection of anesthetic drugs, techniques, monitoring, cerebral protection, and resuscitation of the patients. Neurological patients are more…
Neurological diseases affect the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular system. Preexisting CNS diseases have important implications regarding the selection of anesthetic drugs, techniques, monitoring, cerebral protection, and resuscitation of the patients. Neurological patients are more…
Abstract Intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired weakness is one of the most frequent complications after ICU admission. The resulting sequelae may occur even years after discharge from the ICU; unfortunately, there are scanty data about effectively tr…