Introduction Cancer is a disease process that results when cellular changes cause uncontrolled growth and division of cells. It continues to be a major health problem and is the second leading cause of death in the United States. The three…
Neurosurgeons have a long history of surgical treatment for pain, particularly cancer pain. The notion that sectioning pain pathways could achieve pain control was first introduced by Spiller and Martin in 1912, and was followed by the development of a…
Introduction (Importance of the Problem) Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain represent two of the five leading causes of medical disability worldwide. More than 75% of patients reporting spine pain are between 18 and 65 years old, thereby adding…
## Buttock pain can originate from a heterogeneous collection of pathologic conditions. Similar to low back pain, the precise diagnosis and treatment of pain in this region can be challenging. This chapter focuses on pain largely experienced in the buttock…
Introduction Musculoskeletal disorders are a common source of pain and disability globally and are ubiquitous in industrialized nations; among them, low back pain (LBP) is the most common. Second only to respiratory tract infections, LBP is the most frequent reason…
Recognition and treatment of acute pain is a vital component of pediatric medicine. , Adequate pain control is necessary to prevent adverse neurohormonal and developmental changes in response to painful stimuli. Fortunately, advances in pharmacologic therapy and regional anesthesia techniques…
Background Because of the dramatic increase in the number of opioid related deaths since 1999, the opioid epidemic was declared a “public health emergency” in the United States on October 26, 2017. The opioid abuse epidemic arose in part from…
Introduction According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) practice guidelines, acute pain in the perioperative setting is defined as the presence of pain in a surgical patient after a procedure. The United States Institute of Medicine reported that despite…
Pain after a surgical procedure is inevitable. However, as stated by Haruki Murakami, “Suffering is optional.” Management of postoperative pain has come a full circle. The Joint Commission recognized the underassessment and undertreatment of pain in 2000 and introduced the…
Introduction Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a growing area of study in pain medicine. An increasing number of patients undergoing surgery each year, multiplied by a variable reported incidence (5%–85%), produces an increased number of patients with new chronic pain.…