Risk Elderly pts Nursing home residents Planned major operations, especially neurosurgical procedures Pts receiving exogenous hormone therapy, especially desmopressin CNS disorders including psychiatric diseases Cancer, especially small-cell lung cancer Lung disease Perioperative Risks Hyponatremia Cerebral edema causing altered mentation, seizures,…
Risk Neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction can cause difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). Dysphagia can be classified into distinct types: Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the tongue, pharynx, larynx and/or upper esophageal sphincter and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of…
Risk SVT is associated with advancing age and significant cardiac and pulm disease. PSVT is associated with WPW, congenital heart disease, and mitral valve prolapse. It is more common in younger pts. The mechanism is reentrant in nature. AAT may…
Risk Highest incidence age is 3–12 y and 55–65 y. Account for 80% of adult CNS tumors; incidence of primary tumor is ∼15–20:100,000 per y. Account for one-third of childhood CNS tumors. Perioperative Risks Increased ICP: Headache, seizures, neurologic deficit/dementia,…
Risk Incidence in USA (2013 estimation): 24.6 million (9.4% population) Marijuana 7.5%, heroin 0.27%, cocaine 0.6%, prescription drugs 2.5%, alcohol (heavy drinkers) 6.5%, tobacco products 25.2% Associations: Males, trauma, gunshot wounds, MVAs, falls, mental illness Perioperative Risks Difficult airway and…
Risk Prior abdominal surgery, either open or laparoscopic Blunt or penetrating trauma GI perforation (malignancy, appendicitis, diverticulitis) Inflammatory bowel disease Immunocompromised pt Perioperative Risks Developing sepsis Worry About Respiratory compromise (pleural effusion, atelectasis, V/Q mismatching, ARDS) Preop ileus/bowel obstruction; aspiration…
Risk Uncommon entity with a variably reported clinical significance Male:female ratio: 2:1 Perioperative Risks Stroke from a plaque originating from vertebral artery system Stroke from a plaque originating from subclavian artery Worry About Worsening neurologic symptoms Upper limb ischemia Overview…
Risk Incidence: 1 in 5000. Prevalence: No racial or sex prediction; sporadically occurring neurocutaneous syndrome. Perioperative Risks Increased risk of seizures, neurologic deficits, bleeding due to presence of angiomas involving the oral cavity, vascular abnormality, and congenital cardiac malformations. Worry…
Risk Incidence of SJS and TEN, a more severe variant of SJS, is 2–7 cases per million per y. Incidence around 100 times higher in the HIV-positive population. More common in women. Affects all age groups. Perioperative Risks High risk…
Risk Incidence: 7.8 -10:100,000 live births. Estimated panethnic disease frequency: ∼1:11,000. Perioperative Risks Airway: Intubation can be difficult. Pts may need postop respiratory support. Anesthetic risk varies significantly between the different types of SMA. Worry About Pts may display increased…