Key points • To simplify diagnosis and corrective surgical planning the mandible may be considered in: a genial component, a ramus-and-corpus component, and a dentoalveolar component. • The chin has no clearly defined function however it forms a key element…
• The overall facial arc should have a slight convexity, with the projection greatest at the subnasale (anterior nasal spine [ANS]). • Women typically prefer a more convex face, which is more feminine, rather than a flatter face, which is…
Key points • The overall facial arc should have a slight convexity, with the projection greatest at the subnasale. • Women typically prefer a more convex face, which is more feminine, rather than a flatter face, which is typical of…
Key points • The advantage of using CBCT is the accurate visualization of the root angulations. • Initial records using CBCT technology and intraoral scans of the dentitions can be used to simulate treatment outcomes, and this can be extremely…
Key points • Cephalometric analysis is performed in three-dimensions to allow the surgeon and the orthodontist to address asymmetry in all three planes. • The time-consuming laboratory process of facebow transfer, plaster mounting of dental casts, sectioning, repositioning, and remounting…
• Orthognathic surgery should achieve a functional occlusion while optimizing facial form. • Aesthetic facial analysis takes priority over cephalometric norms when developing the treatment plan. • Treatment plans should be designed that will optimally support the soft tissue as…
Key points • The embryological components of the facial skeleton are derived from the three divisions of the skull: the desmocranium, the chondrocranium and the viscerocranium. • The ectomeninx has chondrogenic and osteogenic properties which translate into intramembranous bone that…
• Centrifuged fat has three layers: (1) the upper supernatant, containing lipid; (2) the middle stromal vascular fraction, containing adipose-derived stem cells, stromal cells, vascular cells, and mural cells; and (3) the lower layer, containing blood, local anesthetic, and tissue…
• Visible changes in the aging face (such as jowls, sagging, crow’s feet) are, in part, due to thinning skin that has lost its intrinsic elasticity and nonuniform loss of subcutaneous fat. • The bony skeletal provides the framework on…
Key points • The success of any implant depends not only on minimizing the inflammatory reaction of the material but also on the prosthetic porosity and stress at the tissue–implant interface. • The porosity of an implant will dictate whether…