Introduction Description: A fistula is an abnormal communication between two cavities or organs. In gynecology, this usually refers to a communication between the gastrointestinal or urinary tract and the genital tract. Connections directly to the skin are not discussed here.…
Introduction Description: Enterocele is the loss of support for the apex of the vagina through either a rupture or attenuation of the pubovesicocervical fascia, manifested by the descent or prolapse of the vaginal wall and underlying peritoneum, most commonly after…
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Introduction Description: Vulvar vestibulitis (provoked vulvodynia) is an uncommon syndrome of intense sensitivity of the skin of the posterior vaginal introitus and vulvar vestibule, with progressive worsening, leading to loss of function. Provoked pain in other areas of the vulva…
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Introduction Description: Vulvar hematoma is the swelling of one or both labia because of interstitial bleeding, most often after blunt trauma. Predominant Age: Most common in childhood and teen years but may occur at any age. Genetics: No genetic pattern.…
Introduction Description: Squamous cell cancer of the vulva generally manifests as an exophytic ulcer or hyperkeratotic plaque. It may arise as a solitary lesion or develop hidden within hypertrophic or other vulvar skin changes, making diagnosis difficult and often delayed.…
Introduction Description: Lichen sclerosus is a chronic condition of the vulvar skin that is characterized by thinning, distinctive skin changes, and inflammation. It is non-neoplastic and involves glabrous skin and the vulva. The term lichen sclerosus et atrophicus has been…
Introduction Description: Lichen planus is a non-neoplastic epithelial disorder that affects glabrous skin, hair-bearing skin and scalp, nails, mucous membranes, or the oral cavity and vulva. Prevalence: Unknown, but relatively common. Estimated to affect 0.5%–2% of the population. Predominant Age:…
Introduction Description: Labial adhesions (synechia vulvae) are agglutination of the labial folds that result in fusion in the midline. Prevalence: 1%–2% of female children. Predominant Age: Peak is 2–6 years; may be found at any age up to puberty. May…