Key points Gender identification in a newborn infant has emotional and psychological implications and should be performed as accurately as possible. However, in the setting of ambiguous genitalia, gender assignment should not be considered without definitive testing and multidisciplinary participation.…
Key points Technological developments in hysteroscopy and laparoscopy favor a smaller footprint to facilitate ambulatory procedures, with a trend toward smaller-caliber endoscopes and instruments and creative specimen removal with attention to safety. Indications for hysteroscopy include removal of endometrial polyps…
Key points Depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder are treatable with medications or psychotherapy. A history of manic or hypomanic symptoms increases the risk for a “switch” into mania with antidepressant treatment. Close follow-up, in 1 to…
Key points Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods are safe, effective, and have minimal risk of user error; thus they have become the recommended option for most women with complicated chronic illnesses. The severity of asthma symptoms increases around the time…
Key points Strive to become a culturally sensitive and aware physician with a nonjudgmental approach to women regardless of race or ethnicity, age, faith, disabilities, profession, sexual orientation/identity, or activities. Goals of preventive medicine include maintaining good health and function…
Key points Malpractice is patient injury secondary to failure to exercise that degree of care used by reasonably careful physician of like qualifications Negligence is failure to extend the degree of diligence and care that a reasonably and ordinarily prudent…
Key points Evidence-based medicine (EBM) seeks to improve the care of patients and the delivery of care to patients. Descriptive-observational studies, including cross-sectional studies and case series, help generate hypotheses and characterize the context of disease. Case-control studies allow us…
Key points Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are synthesized by substitution of amino acids in the parent molecule at the 6 and 10 positions for GnRH agonists and at the 2 or 3 position for GnRH antagonists. The various analogs have…
Key points The labia majora are homologous to the scrotum in the man. The labia minora are homologous to the penile urethra and a portion of the skin of the penis in men. The clitoris complex is composed of both…
Key points Virtually all human diseases have an underlying genetic component. All health care professionals need a basic level of familiarity with genetics and genomics because it is an integral part of mainstream medicine. Genetic variation between healthy individuals exists…