Medications used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms are often prescribed during breastfeeding. However, there is little information describing the transfer into human milk for many of these drugs. Some of the gastrointestinal agents can be administrated during breastfeeding: antacids, sulcrafate, Helicobacter…
Second-generation antihistamines which have practically no sedative effect are compatible during breastfeeding. First-generation antihistamines with sedating action should be reserved during breastfeeding for special conditions. Should adverse effects such as restlessness or mild sedation occur, the consequences are to be…
Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the drugs of choice for treating pain and their use requires no limitation of breastfeeding. Continuous treatment with acetylsalicylic acid is not recommended and selective COX-2 inhibitors should be avoided because of limited experience on their…
3.1 The advantages of breastfeeding versus the risks of maternal medication No discussion of the risks of maternal medications can be undertaken without an understanding of the benefits of being breastfed for the child. Advantages to breastfeeding have been recognized…
It is ambitious to describe the risk assessment of occupational, industrial and environmental agents, since they are the sum total of all agents which are potentially capable of producing an effect, whether physical, chemical or biological. They are found everywhere…
2.22.1 The general risk of poisoning in pregnancy Poisoning in pregnancy may be accidental or intentional, and may reflect acute (e.g. deliberate overdose, therapeutic error) or chronic (e.g. environmental or occupational) exposure to one or more substances. Whilst risk to…
Introduction Use of recreational drugs and other substances by women of childbearing potential, and during pregnancy varies widely across different populations. Whilst some women discontinue, or attempt to reduce use of alcohol, nicotine and other recreational drugs once pregnant, a…
Before exposing a woman who is, or may be, pregnant to diagnostics, a pertinent risk-benefit estimation should be made, as exposure towards ionizing radiation must be minimized. Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) can be safely used but ultrasonography remains the imaging…
Plants and plant extracts have been used for medicinal purposes since before recorded time. Many pharmaceutical agents have their origins in plant-based compounds. In a trend towards returning to the “natural,” and believing that such agents are safer, patients worldwide…
Vitamins and minerals are organic foods found only in plants and animals, and are essential to the normal functioning of the body. However, the actual definition of the term “essential” is not applied to all vitamins. Vitamin imbalances can be…