General information Human parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of fifth disease, a rash-like disease of childhood, and in adults can cause arthralgia and chronic arthritis [ , ] and pure red cell aplasia [ ]. However, it has more…
See also Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) General information Paroxetine is a phenylpiperidine derivative and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Pharmacokinetics The half-life of paroxetine is about 17–22 hours and about 95% of it is bound to plasma proteins.…
General information Parenteral nutrition should be tailored to the needs of the individual, but on average should provide about 25 kcal Solutions for long-term parenteral nutrition should contain: about 30% carbohydrate, usually in the form of glucose, providing 60% of…
See also COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) General information Parecoxib sodium is an injectable COX-2 inhibitor developed for the treatment of acute pain. It is a prodrug of a sulfonamide-based COX-2 inhibitor, valdecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. The published information…
General information Both intact parathyroid hormone (e.g. PTH 1–34 , teriparatide) and smaller N-terminal fragments PTH 1–84 are used therapeutically. Recombinant PTH 1–34 is called teriparatide. No adverse reactions have been reported with single infusions of up to 60 mg…
General information Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde, a colorless or slightly yellow-colored liquid. It has been used as an anticonvulsant, but because of adverse reactions and because it is difficult to use it has been replaced by more…
General information Paraffin is a name that is commonly used to denote a group of saturated alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H 2n+2 , where “n” is greater than 20. They take both solid and liquid forms.…
General information More than a century after its introduction, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is by far the most commonly used analgesic, sharing its leading position with the relative newcomer paracetamol (acetaminophen), and notwithstanding the fact that other widely used compounds, such…
General information Parabens (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid) are used as preservatives in concentrations of 0.1–0.3% in pharmaceutical formulations and in concentrations of 0.01–0.1% in cosmetics and foods. In such concentrations they are devoid of systemic…
General information Papaverine is an alkaloid present in opium, but it is not related chemically or pharmacologically to other opium alkaloids. It has a direct relaxant effect on smooth muscle, partly attributable to inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Systemic adverse reactions reported…