Mesenteric vascular disease can be characterized as acute or chronic, symptomatic or asymptomatic. Severe acute intestinal ischemia results from sudden symptomatic reduction in intestinal blood flow of sufficient magnitude to result potentially in intestinal infarction. Acute ischemia of the small…
The treatment of renal artery disease should be guided by the cause of the arterial obstruction and the health consequence(s) of the obstruction. A renal artery stenosis (RAS) of any cause that has no sequelae, such as hypertension or functional…
Approximately 46% of individuals age 20 and older have high blood pressure. In those age 75 and older, 79% of men and 85% of women have hypertension. Most have primary (essential) hypertension; however, there are a number of different causes…
Vascular disease affecting the renal arteries presents complex challenges to clinicians. Partly due to advances in vascular imaging, more patients than ever before are being identified with some degree of atherosclerotic or fibromuscular renovascular disease. Many of these lesions are…
The clinical manifestations and complications of atherosclerosis are the most common therapeutic challenges encountered by vascular surgeons. The tendency for lesions to develop at specific anatomic sites and to follow recognizable patterns of progression was appreciated as long ago as…
The concept of percutaneous catheter-based peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) was first described by Charles Dotter and further advanced with the development of balloon dilation catheters by Andreas Gruentzig. Catheter-based revascularization has largely replaced conventional open surgery as the treatment of…
Medical treatment of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is targeted at preventing adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes and improving limb function. Atherothrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death are referred to as major adverse…
The least often recognized of the commonly occurring manifestations of atherosclerosis is peripheral artery disease (PAD). Epidemiological studies suggest that approximately 7.1 million people in the United States have PAD. Among 7458 participants aged 40 years and older from the…
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has a considerable and growing impact on cardiovascular health worldwide. , PAD represents systemic atherosclerosis in the lower extremities that elevates the risk for cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke (see Chapter 16 ). Patients…
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of several terms referring to a partial or complete obstruction of one or more arteries that supply blood to the limbs. Although the term PAD is sometimes inclusive of all peripheral arteries and/or any…