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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation
Specialty and category within specialty Critical care medicine Mechanical support for refractory respiratory and cardiac failure Before procedure Indications Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Acute severe respiratory failure with high mortality risk, reversible and nonresponsive to optimal conventional therapy. ECMO…
Indirect calorimetry
Before the procedure Indications A need for estimating energy expenditure (EE) in critically ill patients in whom the EE is highly variable and difficult to predict by simple equations, such as: Patients with liver disease Obese patients Trauma patients Patients…
Intracranial pressure monitoring
Before procedure Indications Common Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) Hydrocephalus Uncommon Meningitis/encephalitis/brain abscess Acute liver failure Pseudotumor cerebri Postoperative Contraindications Absolute Anticoagulation Bleeding diathesis Relative Scalp infection Lack of specialized healthcare personnel You’re Reading a Preview…
Jugular venous and brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring
Ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein oxygen saturation (SjvO 2 ) catheter placement: Before the procedure Indications Severe traumatic brain injury Subarachnoid hemorrhage During neurosurgical and cardiovascular procedures in which cerebral blood flow may be reduced Detection of arteriovenous fistulas To titrate…
Lumbar puncture
Before procedure Indications Suspicion of a central nervous system (CNS) infection Suspicion of a subarachnoid hemorrhage The need to obtain cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose other inflammatory or degenerative CNS diseases Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in pseudotumor cerebri Contraindications…
Nasoenteric feeding tube insertion
Before procedure Indications Inability to maintain volitional intake (in the setting of a functional gastrointestinal tract) and : Critical illness expected to require an intensive care unit (ICU) stay of more than 2 days Poor nutritional status Weight loss and…
Esophageal balloon tamponade
Before procedure Indications Short-term hemostasis and stabilization of patients until definitive therapy can be arranged Failure to achieve hemostasis after endoscopic treatment of bleeding esophageal varices As a temporizing measure when endoscopic treatment is not immediately available or emergency transcutaneous…
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy
Before the procedure Indications Requirement of a temporary or long-term artificial airway for prolonged mechanical ventilation Management of secretions Nonemergency airway obstruction Contraindications Inability to clearly palpate and identify tracheal landmarks Enlarged thyroid or other neck mass Active infection at…
Bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen bronchial brushing
Before the procedure Indications Diagnosis of pneumonia Viral, bacterial, fungal, pneumonias Quantitative cultures for ventilator-associated pneumonias Infiltrates in an immunocompromised host Evaluation of diffuse lung infiltrates and evaluation of interstitial lung disease Suspected pulmonary hemorrhage Suspected malignancies Both bronchoalveolar lavage…