Introduction Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), also sometimes referred to as dural arteriovenous malformations, represent approximately 10% to 15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. These lesions are characterized by abnormal arteriovenous shunts located within dural leaflets. Cranial DAVFs are most commonly…
Acknowledgments The authors thank the staff of Neuroscience Publications at Barrow Neurological Institute for assistance with manuscript preparation. Hypervascular neoplasms of the central nervous system can be formidable surgical challenges associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with excessive intraoperative blood…
Introduction Ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Carotid stenosis is the underlying pathology for 25% of an estimated 800,000 annual strokes. The prevalence of carotid disease is age dependent, with a…
Introduction Atherosclerosis and moyamoya disease (MMD) are the two most common forms of intracranial occlusive disease. In this chapter, we discuss endovascular options for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and MMD. Approximately 8% to 10% of ischemic strokes…
Significant advancements in the management and treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been made over the last few years. Although surgical resection remains the most definitive treatment option in selected patients, both endovascular and radiosurgical techniques have been added…
Background According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the third greatest contributor to lost disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. There are approximately 17 million strokes worldwide each…
Microsurgical clipping has been the historical definitive standard for treatment of intracranial aneurysms, though several factors may put a patient at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. These factors include the aneurysm’s size, location, and morphology; the patient’s age; and…
Introduction Intracranial vascular malformations represent approximately 6% of all diseases that affect the central nervous system. They are classified according to their hemodynamic patterns in terms of arterial malformations (aneurysms), arteriovenous shunts (cerebral arteriovenous malformations), dural and pial fistulae, venous…
Introduction Brainstem and cerebellar arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular lesions that represent a minority of all intracranial AVMs. Although they are often grouped together, their specific anatomic location within the posterior fossa has important clinical implications for prognosis and…
Cavernous malformations (CMs) have long been recognized as one of the major clinicopathologic categories of vascular malformations of the nervous system. CMs have been included in the descriptions of cryptic or occult vascular malformations , a term that has been…