In this chapter, we review the management of aneurysms and vascular malformations in women during pregnancy and puerperium. The lesions discussed include moyamoya disease, dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), arteriovenous malformations, and cavernous malformations. Neurosurgical Procedures During Pregnancy To determine recommendations…
Introduction There has been a recent surge in literature regarding noninvasive techniques that stimulate the brain to better understand plastic changes following stroke, and to modulate neuroplasticity to enhance post-stroke motor recovery. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can be broadly categorized…
Rehabilitation after stroke concentrates on reducing physical and cognitive impairments and the disabilities they induce so as to return patients to more independently managed self-care, mobility, communication, and daily activities. Care goals include prevention of the complications of immobility, dysphagia,…
Funding Information Supported by NIH NS20989. Introduction Anticoagulants continue to play a central role in the prevention of stroke. Unlike thrombolytics, anticoagulants do not degrade clot; rather, they prevent thrombus formation and propagation by reduction of fibrin formation. Anticoagulants act…
Introduction Ischemic stroke presents several opportunities for medical intervention, distinguished by their relative timing: 1. primary prevention of a stroke; 2. control of tissue damage in the acute ischemic stroke setting; 3. secondary prevention following a transient ischemic attack (TIA)…
Introduction Recent studies have demonstrated that elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are particularly significant risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease—is the second leading cause of death after…
Introduction Stroke is well suited for prevention as it has a high prevalence, a number of modifiable factors proven to reduce stroke risk, and a high societal economic and disability burden . An international observational study, INTERSTROKE, showed that 10…
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral steno-occlusion of the main trunks of the circle of Willis and the development of basal collateral channels, including hypertrophy of the lenticulostriate and thalamoperforating arteries, which results…
Introduction Extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass procedures have played an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease since their development in the 1960s. They serve two main purposes : (1) flow replacement when managing challenging aneurysms or tumors requiring cerebral vessel…
Introduction Posterior circulation stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) constitute 20% of all cerebrovascular ischemic events, with vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis (VBA), the primary etiology in up to 35% . Aggressive medical therapy may reduce the risk of recurrence; however, 30-day and…