Introduction Cranial sutures are patent at birth and serve as the major sites of expansion in the skull during early brain development. Typically 400 g at birth, the brain doubles in size by 6 months and triples by 2.5 years.…
Synopsis ■ Patients with syndromic synostosis require protocolized treatment coordination from a multidisciplinary craniofacial team. ■ Treatment of cephalocranial disproportion requires early and sequential surgical intervention. ■ All protocols include monitoring for obstructive airway disease and hydrocephalus. ■ Sequential surgical…
Synopsis ■ Patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis are at increased risk for developing subtle neurocognitive deficits, which may or may not, be altered through surgical intervention ■ The goals of cranial vault reconstruction include to optimize cerebral blood flow via expansion…
Introduction For those specializing in pediatric conditions, assessment of infants and children with abnormal head shapes is a common practice. Enhanced awareness through the use of social media and access to the internet has created a generation of informed parents…
Synopsis ■ Congenital craniofacial clefts are abnormal disfigurements of the face and cranium occurring in a variety of patterns and varying degrees of severity. ■ Craniofacial clefts are thought to occur spontaneously, except for syndromes with clefting combinations (numbers 6,…
Synopsis ■ Hypertelorism is not a disease in itself; it is just a symptom which may belong to various conditions. ■ It is mainly present in facial clefts but may accompany faciocraniosynostosis, where craniosynostosis has to be corrected independently before…
Synopsis ■ Traumas that would likely produce fractures in adults often do not in children due to intrinsic anatomical factors. ■ In addition to the unique anatomy of the pediatric patient, future growth and development must be accounted for when…
Synopsis ■ The goal of orthognathic surgery is to establish ideal dental occlusion with the jaws in a position that optimizes facial form and function ■ The Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy, and osseous genioplasty are…
Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Identifying and treating secondary cleft lip and palate deformities is a challenging endeavor for even the most experienced surgeon. Proper diagnosis involves an understanding of previous operations as well…
Synopsis ■ Individuals with known or suspected velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) are best treated in the context of an interdisciplinary cleft/craniofacial team. ■ Diagnosis of VPD requires obtaining a comprehensive patient history, perceptual speech evaluation, physical examination, and appropriate instrumental and…