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Conjoined twins
Introduction Conjoined twins are amongst the most uncommon, complex, and uniquely challenging patients to be cared for by plastic and reconstructive surgeons. A multidisciplinary team approach is paramount in the care of conjoined twins, and plastic surgery involvement is critical…
Pediatric tumors
Synopsis ■ Congenital masses: ■ Branchial cleft anomalies are congenital remnants of the branchial arches, pouches, or grooves found in the cervical region. ■ Dermoid cysts are present from birth and consist of both ectoderm and endoderm. They commonly arise…
Pediatric chest and trunk deformities
Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Pediatric chest and trunk wall abnormalities are oftentimes congenital in nature, however a significant portion of our expertise as plastic and reconstructive surgeons is utilized to solve problems that…
Vascular anomalies
Synopsis ■ Vascular anomalies are divided into tumors or malformations. ■ Vascular tumors are comprised of proliferating endothelium; the endothelial lining of malformations is more quiescent. ■ Infantile hemangioma is the most common tumor of infancy; it grows rapidly after…
Congenital melanocytic nevi
Synopsis ■ Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are composed of clusters of nevomelanocytes that are generally present at birth but occasionally arise as late as several years of age. These lesions arise from melanocytic stem cells that migrate from the neural…
Treacher Collins syndrome
Synopsis ■ Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by a facial dysostosis with an incidence of 1 to 9 per 100,000 live births ■ Dysmorphology is isolated to the craniofacial region with variable presentation ■ Successful treatment requires a specialized…
Robin sequence
Synopsis ■ Robin sequence (RS) is a clinical triad consisting of glossoptosis, retro- or micrognathia, and airway compromise. RS is often associated with clefting of the secondary palate. ■ RS can be an isolated entity or found in association with…
Idiopathic progressive hemifacial atrophy
Synopsis ■ Initially described in the writings of Dr. Caleb Hillier Parry. ■ Exact etiology of PHA is not well understood, but is felt to have a strong autoimmune and neurogenic component. ■ The initial clinical manifestations include both cutaneous…
Craniofacial microsomia
Synopsis ■ Patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) require the care of a skilled multidisciplinary clinical team. ■ Phenotypic features of CFM are highly variable. While the three structures most affected include the ear, mandible, and maxilla, abnormal development can occur…