Introduction A variety of traumatic ear defects are observed after amputation, be they partial, subtotal or total, all of which require complex contour reconstruction. There are multiple causes of ear amputations and this summary chapter aims to define some principles…
Introduction Reconstructive surgery of the face and eyelids has undergone significant changes in the past half century. The increased specialization and advanced understanding of anatomy and physiology of the periocular region has coincided with an increased number of reconstructive options…
Introduction The nose maintains the central position on the face and often can be a challenging structure to successfully reconstruct, both its form and the function. The fundamental techniques of reconstruction emerged early in history as a response to the…
Introduction The lips constitute the main feature of the lower third of the face, and have been a focus of interest by reconstructive, cleft, and esthetic surgeons. Functionally, the lips play many important roles – articulation and enunciation in speech;…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Michael Leung in the preparation of this chapter. Introduction Defects of the cheek pose a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. It is a mostly flat and relatively featureless terrain whose superficial…
Introduction The skull base is a complex anatomic region through which the major blood vessels of the head and neck, cranial nerves, and spinal cord pass. A variety of congenital malformations and neoplasms can involve the skull base. As surgical…
Introduction The upper aerodigestive (UAD) tract is an intricate maze of alleyways, muscular tubes, and cords that allows humans to have a common functional pathway for oral intake and breathing, as well as harmonizing vibrations into speech. Articulation of speech…
Introduction Reconstruction of the midface, particularly of the maxilla, following tumor removal is a significant challenge because of its complex three-dimensional architecture and important role in facial esthetics and function. The goals of reconstruction include: (1) maintaining midfacial height, width,…
Introduction The oral tongue and mandible act as an inseparable functional unit of the lower face. Embryologically, tongue, mandible, and muscles of mastication share a common origin from the first branchial arch (BR). There is an interdependent developmental relationship between…
Introduction Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common group of malignancies worldwide. In the United States, the estimated incidence is 65,000 new cases per year, which are most commonly diagnosed among adults older than 50 years of age.…