Orbital Imaging

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Key points Definition: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is typically a benign slowly progressing tumorlike process involving bone maturation in which normal cancellous bone is replaced by immature woven bone and fibrous tissue. Its predilection for the skull can cause serious orbital…

Key points Definition: Plasma cell tumors may present as a solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), or multiple myeloma (MM). While orbital involvement is rare and may not be associated with MM at presentation, it habitually heralds the unwelcome…

Key points Definition: Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic vasculitis causing necrosis and granulomatous inflammation, often presenting with a “runny nose.” Without modern treatment, most patients would quickly progress to death within a few short months. Synonym: granulomatosis with polyangiitis.…

Key points Definition: Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a clinical entity characterized by intracranial hypertension in patients without other demonstrable intracranial disease, including but not limited to primary or secondary neoplasm. Synonyms: idiopathic intracranial hypertension, benign intracranial hypertension. Classic clue: Obese…

Key points Definition: Pott’s puffy tumor is an osteomyelitis with associated subperiosteal abscess collection usually related to frontal sinusitis or mastoiditis. It may extend into the orbit causing inflammation including cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, orbital abscess (OA), and cavernous sinus thrombosis.…

Key points Definition: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is an opportunistic infection that untreated leads to progressive retinal destruction and blindness. Synonym: CMV uveitis Classic clue: AIDS patient presenting with blurred vision, floaters, and blind spots found to have abnormal retinal thickening…

Key points Definition: Orbital abscess (OA) is an intraorbital collection of neutrophils and microorganisms that has become a sight-threatening and potentially life-threatening emergency, requiring prompt imaging and treatment. Classic clue: Patient presenting with recent onset severe proptosis, complete ophthalmoplegia, and…

Key points Definition: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lacrimal sac is an uncommon but deadly cause of abnormal unilateral tearing, which when not promptly diagnosed and treated can lead to local invasion and death. Classic clue: A patient presents…