Neuroanatomy: an Illustrated Colour Text

Hypothalamus, limbic system and olfactory system

In order to survive, there must be continual biochemical and physiological adjustments to preserve the internal environment of the body in a balanced and stable state (homeostasis). Interoceptor signals from the internal organs and body fluids initiate homeostatic responses to…

Visual system

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Basal ganglia

Within the cerebral hemisphere lie a number of nuclear masses. Apart from the thalamus ( Chapter 12 ), the most prominent of these are the caudate nucleus , putamen and globus pallidus, which lie in close proximity to the internal…

Cerebral hemisphere and cerebral cortex

The cerebral hemisphere is derived from the embryological telencephalon ( Chapter 1 ). It is the largest part of the forebrain and it reaches the greatest degree of development in the human brain. Superficially, the cerebral hemisphere consists of a…

Thalamus

Rostral to the midbrain lies the forebrain (prosencephalon, cerebrum; see Fig. 1.13 ). The forebrain consists of the bilaterally paired diencephalon and cerebral hemisphere on each side and is by far the largest derivative of the three basic embryological divisions…

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain. It originates from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem and overlies the fourth ventricle. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three stout pairs of fibre bundles, called the inferior…

Cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei

There are 12, bilaterally paired, cranial nerves. These carry afferent and efferent nerve fibres between the brain and peripheral structures, principally of the head and neck. The cranial nerves are individually named and numbered (Roman numerals I–XII) according to the…

Brainstem

The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. The archaic term ‘bulb’ is applied to the brainstem in compound anatomical names given to nerve fibres originating from, or terminating in, the brainstem (e.g. ‘corticobulbar’ refers to axons that…

Spinal cord

The spinal cord and its associated spinal nerves are of immense functional importance. These structures act to: Receive afferent fibres from sensory receptors of the trunk and limbs Control movements of the trunk and limbs Provide autonomic innervation for most…

Vasculature of the central nervous system

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