Imaging in Pediatrics

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

KEY FACTS Terminology Current definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) Chronic lung disease of premature infants born at < 32-week gestation O₂ dependency for at least 28 days Failure of O₂ challenge at 36-week postmenstrual age Chest radiograph abnormalities no longer…

Chylothorax

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Neonatal Pneumothorax

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Neonatal Pneumonia

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Surfactant Deficiency Disease

KEY FACTS Terminology Surfactant deficiency disease (SDD) favored term a.k.a. respiratory distress syndrome & hyaline membrane disease (archaic) Common lung disease occurring in premature infants due to lack of surfactant Microatelectasis & abnormal pulmonary compliance are hallmarks of disease Imaging…

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Herniation of abdominal contents into chest via congenital defect in diaphragm, most commonly posterior (Bochdalek) Side of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Left 85%, right 13%, bilateral 2% Imaging Best clue: Bubbly, round, or tubular, relatively uniform air-filled…

Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

KEY FACTS Terminology Atresia: Congenital occlusion of lumen Fistula: Anomalous connection between 2 lumens Imaging 5 major anatomic variations of esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) Fistula level variable depending on type of EA-TEF Most commonly above/near carina Atretic segments variable in…