Introduction to Biostatistics Most of the researchers of medical sciences feel that mathematics in general and statistics in particular are an excessive and difficult task. In biomedical research, knowledge of statistics is mandatory and is an integral part of the…
Introduction Acute and chronic diseases with a relapsing and remitting course often produce a substantial impact on the function and the quality of life (QOL). One of the important outcome measures after a serious illness or its treatment has been…
Introduction Palliative care to neurological and neurosurgical patients presents many challenges. The needs of patients and their families varies according to the stages of neurological and neurosurgical illness. In the acute phase, there is need for specialist care, whereas in…
Introduction Nosocomial infections, or health care–associated infections (HCAI), are a global problem. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 1.7 million HCAI cases in the United States in 2007. During the past decade reliable success in HCAI prevention…
Background Sterilization and disinfection are the basic components of hospital infection control activities. Every day, a number of hospitals are performing various surgical procedures. Even more number of invasive procedures are being performed in different health care facilities. The medical…
Introduction Central to the practice of anesthesiology is the goal of safety and maximal efficacy for every individual patient. The challenge is that patients can have a range of responses to anesthetic drugs both beneficial and adverse. Potential causes for…
Stems cells have been recognized as a wonder drug as they provided a ray of hope to diseases where mankind had become hopeless. Thus ever since they were put to test for scientific evidence of response, more and more research…
Introduction Perioperative neuroscience is a very dynamic field due to ongoing research, clinical innovations, and technological developments. In this chapter, we review some of the major recurring themes, innovative findings, and prevalent topics associated with advances in the field of…
Introduction This chapter begins with a description of the evolution of the term “translational research.” Then, the authors describe the current state of translational research, reasons for the results of basic research not leading to good results in clinical research,…
Introduction It was in the year 1992 that evidence-based practice (EBP) was formally introduced into clinical practice. The first EBP was started in medicine as evidence-based medicine (EBM) and later spread to other fields such as nursing, psychology, education, and…