The original excitement of participating in large, complex and long surgical cases to treat craniosynostosis during our training years gave way to disappointment, frustration, and dissatisfaction with the long-term clinical results of these surgeries. Even though the patients immediately looked…
Introduction Review of complications associated with the surgical treatment of craniosynostosis varies widely due to reports that extend over many years and epochs, as well as there being a large number of different procedures being reported during these periods. A…
Introduction to Cranial Remolding Programs Cranial remolding orthoses (CROs) were first described in the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly in 1979. The underlying principle of “directed growth” is accomplished by designing the internal surface of the orthosis to maintain total contact…
Introduction As previously discussed in other chapters, single suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis has the highest prevalence of the craniosynostosis, with sagittal synostosis being the most common followed by metopic, coronal, and lastly, lambdoid stenosis. In the multiple suture synostosis group, bilateral…
Introduction Perhaps of all single suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis cases, premature closure of the lambdoid suture is one of the most difficult ones to diagnose. The primary reason is the confusion of the posterior plagiocephaly from lambdoid synostosis with that of…
Introduction Syndromic craniosynostosis accounts for 8% to 24% of all patients with craniosynostosis. , The cause for syndromic synostosis is frequently genetic and often due to one of six frequently mutated genes: FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, EFNB1, TCF12, and ERF. There…
Introduction Premature closure of both coronal sutures is most commonly seen in association with craniofacial syndromes and is known as syndromic bicoronal craniosynostosis (SBCS). A smaller subgroup of patients affected with this condition who do not have an associated or…
Introduction Although the metopic suture is the only calvarial suture to completely close and disappear in humans, premature closure in utero or soon after birth can lead to major cranial and facial deformities. Amongst these are trigonocephaly, hypotelorism, and a…
Introduction Unilateral nonsyndromic coronal craniosynostosis is a challenging condition for the treating surgical team given all of the deformational changes associated with this condition. Unlike other single suture closures, unicoronal stenosis leads to a combination of skull base, calvarial, and…
Introduction Sagittal suture craniosynostosis is the most common type of sutural stenosis and affects males more than females at a rate of 3.5:1. , It is a genetic condition with which a number of genes have been associated, and they…