Case Study A 56-year-old obese woman with exertional dyspnea was referred for evaluation of suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). She had a past medical history of Crohn Crohn’s disease, hypothyroidism, and asthma. She had been medically treated…
Case Study A 71-year-old man presents with exertional dyspnea progressing over several months. He has known diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both well controlled on medications. Chest x-ray and electrocardiogram (ECG) are unremarkable. His resting transthoracic echocardiogram shows normal-size cardiac chambers…
Case Study 1 A 68-year-old female presents with Class II heart failure. Her echocardiogram (see figure) showed normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function with the LV ejection fraction (EF) estimated at 67% by the Simpson’s biplane method (A). There was…
Case Study A 73-year-old man with a history of longstanding hypertension, diabetes mellitus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease (CAD) presents with progressive shortness of breath and exertional fatigue. Physical examination is notable for prominent apical impulse and a…
Case Study A 62-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnea on exertion and presyncope. His workup in the emergency room included a troponin T, which was found to be mildly elevated. Further evaluation thus far has included…
Case Study A 63-year-old man presented with acute onset of shortness of breath. Body surface area (BSA) is 2.04 m 2 with body mass at 199 lb. An echocardiogram was obtained as a stat test. Blood pressure (BP) was 105/65…
Case Study A 69-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of dyspnea that has progressed to a NYHA Class III, occurring with minimal exertion. Fig. 13.1 shows a four-chamber view at end systole and a continuous wave (CW) Doppler recording…
Case Study 1 A 68-year-old woman was transferred to the emergency room with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She had comorbidities with obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance and had been treated with calcium channel and angiotensin-II receptor blockers. On admission, her oxygen…
Introduction Pulsed-wave Doppler velocities of mitral inflow are the most commonly used indices of diastolic function. Their application is nevertheless limited by their load dependency. Flow propagation (Vp) using color M mode Doppler has been proposed as a complementary technique…
Introduction Early Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function have studied the mechanics of left atrial (LA) and ventricular filling. These filling indices have been proven to be useful in providing prognostic information in heart failure patients. However,…