Questions Q22.1 What are the various endogenous forms of vitamin A, and what is the physiologic role of each form? (Pg. 247×2) Q22.2 How much time is needed for complete serum elimination of (1) isotretinoin, (2) acitretin, and (3) bexarotene;…
Questions Q21.1 What are the proposed mechanisms by which antimalarials work in various dermatoses discussed in this chapter? (Pg. 236) Q21.2 In general, concerning responses of lupus erythematosus to antimalarials, (1) which cutaneous subsets respond well, (2) which cutaneous subsets…
Questions Q20.1 What is the role of hydroxylamine metabolites in dapsone toxicities, and how does cimetidine alter these effects? (Pg. 224) Q20.2 What is the overall function of the myeloperoxidase system in neutrophils? (Pg. 225) Q20.3 Concerning the myeloperoxidase system,…
Questions Q19.1 Concerning cytotoxic drug use in dermatology, what are (1) five to six of the disease categories for which these drugs are used, and (2) the three most important adverse effect categories? (Pg. 209) Q19.2 What are (1) the…
Questions Q18.1 What are the most important differences between small molecule drugs (such as apremilast and tofacitinib) and biologics? (Pg. 200) Q18.2 What is the role of phosphodiesterase 4 in inflammatory diseases? (Pg. 200 ) Q18.3 What drugs inhibit phosphodiesterase…
Questions Q17.1 What are the differences between the Sandimmune and Neoral versions of cyclosporine (CsA) in their (1) formulation, (2) bioavailability, and (3) consistency of absorption? (Pgs. 187, 188, 195) Q17.2 Regarding the mechanism of action for CsA, what is…
Questions Q16.1 How do MMF and mycophenolic acid (MPA) relate pharmacologically: (1) prodrug/active drug, or (2) active drug/active metabolite? (Pg. 178) Q16.2 What metabolic process is vital in maintaining MPA and mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) levels? (Pg. 179) Q16.3 Why…
Questions Q15.1 What are the pros and cons of ordering baseline testing for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity (phenotype) before initiating azathioprine therapy? (Pg. 170×2) Q15.2 What is a general guide for interpretation of the laboratory testing for the genotype…
Questions Q14.1 What are the proposed mechanisms by which methotrexate inhibits inflammatory dermatoses? (Pg. 159×4) Q14.2 What is the biochemical rationale behind the use of (1) folinic acid, and/or (2) thymidine in patients with acute methotrexate liver toxicity (especially pancytopenia)?…
Questions Q13.1 Concerning prednisone and cortisone, what is (1) the active form of each drug, (2) the enzyme necessary for this conversion, and (3) the effect of severe liver disease on this conversion? (Pgs. 134, 135) Q13.2 What are ‘physiologic…